Prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections in Yunnan Province: a cross-sectional study in 2015 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the current prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections in Yunnan province, so as to provide the scientific evidence for formulating the soil-borne nematodiasis control strategy in the province. Methods In 2015, a total of 20 survey sites were sampled in 10 counties (cities) of Yunnan Province using the stratified cluster random sampling method. Stool samples were collected from all local permanent residents at ages of one year and older in each survey site, and the soil-borne nematode eggs were identified using the modified Kato-Katz technique and the egg number was counted. In addition, the hookworm species was identified using the filter-paperculture method, and Enterobius vermicularis eggs were detected using the cellophane tape method in children at ages of 3 to 6 years. Results A total of 5 067 residents received stool examinations, and 950 residents were detected with soil-borne nematode infections, with an overall prevalence rate of 18.75%. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichura and hookworm was 7.52%, 8.47% and 9.02%, respectively. Among 446 children detected using the cellophane tape method, 5 children were detected with E. vermicularis infections. Among the 160 residents with hookworm infections, there were 139 residents with Necator americanus infections (86.88%), 16 with A. duodenale infections (10.00%) and 5 with mixed infections (3.12%). Mild A. lumbricoides (67.98%, 259/381), T. trichura (88.58%, 380/429) and hookworm infections (94.53%, 432/457) were predominant. Among the four ecological zones, the highest prevalence of human soilborne nematode infections was found in the East Tibet-South Sichuan Ecological Zone (31.79%), and among the 10 survey counties (cities), the greatest prevalence was seen in Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County (50.13%), while the lowest prevalence was found in Ninglang Yi Autonomous County (0.40%). The prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections was 5.67% (43/759), 26.67% (610/2 287) and 14.70% (297/2 021) in high-, moderate- and low-economic-level regions, respectively. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections in terms of ecological regions, survey counties (cities) or economic development levels (χ2 = 342.20, 814.60 and 201.34, all P < 0.05). There was no significantdifference in the prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections between male (18.21%, 441/2 422) and female residents (19.24%, 509/2 645) (χ2 = 0.89, P > 0.05), and soil-borne nematode infections were detected in residents at all age groups, with the greatest prevalence found in residents at ages of 1 to 9 years (25.88%). In addition, the highest prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections was seen in residents with the Dulong Ethnic Minority (82.09%), in preschool children (25.06%) and in illiterate residents (24.80%), and there was no age-, ethnicity-, occupation- or education level-specific prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections detected (χ2 = 46.50, 1 016.96, 36.33 and 52.43, all P < 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections remains high in Yunnan Province. The management of soil-borne nematodiasis requires to be reinforced among low-age children, farmers, old people and residents with low educations levels or ethnic groups.

Mortality analysis on children under 5 years old in Yuyao County from 2013 to 2017 / 中华疾病控制杂志

@# Objective To understand the status and main causes of death among children under five years old in Yuyao County from 2013 to 2017, and to provide scientific basis to formulate relevant intervention measures． Methods Data monitoring deaths among children under five years old from 2013 to 2017 in Yuyao were collected. Trend of death, death rank, regional difference and utilization of pre-death health care services for children under 5 years old were retrospectively analysed using SPSS 18.0. Results From 2013 to 2017, the mortality rate in newborns, infants, 1-4 years old children and children under 5 years old (U5MR) decreased in Yuyao county(P=0.016, 0.002, 0.038, ＜0.001). Based on monitored 263 cases of deaths,the majority of deaths of children under 5 years old occurred in infants, accounting for 68.82% (181/263). Congenital malformation and unintentional injury were the main causes of death for children under 5 years old. The deaths of children under 5 years old mainly occurred in medical institutions, and 93.54% of the children were treated before death. The mortality rate of boys under 5 years old was 10.50‰, which was 1.54 times of the mortality of girls ( χ2=11.693, P<0.001). The trend Chi-square test showed that the U5MR in local residents had no obvious downward trend in the past 5 years ( χ2trend =0.195, P=0.658), while the U5MR in floating population significantly decreased with fluctuation ( χ2trend =17.706, P<0.001). Conclusion The key to reduce U5MR in Yuyao is to reduce infant mortality, and the key content of death intervention is to prevent congenital malformations and unintentional injuries. Improving maternal and child health care and developing safety education for migrant children are two effective measures to reduce U5MR.

Synthesis and antifungal activity of the novel azole compounds / 药学实践杂志

Objective To design and synthesize novel triazole antifungal derivatives with 1 ,3 ,4-oxadiazole side chain for the study of antifungal activities. Methods Fourteen title compounds were synthesized via acylation ,aminolysis reaction ,cy-clization ,nucleophilic substitution ,etc. All the compounds were characterized by 1 H NMR ,MS spectra. The in vitro antifun-gal activities were evaluated against six human pathogenic fungi through the micro-broth dilution method. Results The title compounds exhibited strong antifungal activities against all the tested fungi ,especially against Candida albicans. Compounds 10d ,10i , 10l , and 10n were found to be the most effective , with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC80 ) of 0.003 9 μg/ml .They are 16-fold more potent than ICZ ( MIC80 0.062 5 μg/ml) and 64-fold more potent than FCZ (MIC80 0.25 μg/ml) .Conclusion The 1 ,3 ,4-oxadiazole side chain could affect the antifungal activities. That could be due to the prop-er incorporation between the 1 ,3 ,4-oxadiazole substituted phenyl ring with the target enzyme.

Synthesis and antitumor activity of 13-acylmatrine derivatives / 药学实践杂志

Objective To synthesize a series of 13-acylmatrine derivatives and evaluate their in vitro antitumor activity . Methods Using sophocarpine as the starting material ,a series of new compounds were synthesized through Michael addition , Staudinger reduction and acylation .The structure of target compounds were confirmed by 1 H NMR and MS techniques .Their antitumoractivityagainsthumanhepatomacells(BEL-7404)andmicemelanomacells(K111)wereevaluated invitrobyMTT assay .Results We synthesized 9 compounds and all the compounds exhibited inhibitory activities against BEL-7404 and K111 . Conclusion Compound 4b and compound 4e exhibit good in vitro antitumor activity to human hepatoma cells (BEL-7404) .

Synthesis and antifungal activities of novel triazole derivatives containing sulfur atoms / 药学实践杂志

Objective To design and synthesis novel triazole antifungal derivatives with dithiocarbamates side chain and study the antifungal activities .Methods Nine title compounds were synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR ,MS spectra . The in vitro antifungal activities of all the compounds were evaluated against eight human pathogenic fungi .Results The title compounds exhibited strong antifungal activities .Some compounds showed excellent activities against Candida albicans with the MIC80 values less than 0 .125 g/ml ,6d was 64 times higher than that of Itraconazole .Conclusion The introduction of the propyl ,sulphur and benzyl moiety to the side chain could affect the antifungal activities .

Gefitinib enhances the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the radiosensitizing effect of gefitinib on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 was cultured in RP2MI 1640. MTT assay was performed to evaluate the cell proliferation changes in response to gefitinib treatment and the radiosensitizing effect of gefitinib. The cell survival curves and sensitive enhancement ratio (SERs) were obtained with a clonogenic assay. Flow cytometry analysis was applied to detect the cell cycle changes and cell apoptosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MTT assay showed that cells exposed to gefitinib and radiation had a significantly lower survival ratio compared to the cells with radiation exposure only (0.582∓0.012 vs 0.398∓0.016, P=0.002), with a SER of 1.535∓0.134. The S phase cell percentage was significantly decreased and G(2)-M phase cells increased in gefitinib plus radiation group (P=0.000), suggesting a synergistic effect of gefitinib and radiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gefitinib can enhance the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells in vitro possibly by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing cell apoptosis, and causing changes in the cell cycle distribution.</p>

Inhibitory effect of ZD6474 combined with adriamycin on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the killing effect of ZD6474 combined with adriamycin (ADM) on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The inhibitory effects of ZD6474 and ADM alone and in combination on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells were assessed by MTT assay. The cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ZD6474 and ADM both significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, showing a synergistic effect of their reactions in combined use (P<0.05). ZD6474 or ADM alone caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and S phases, respectively. Combined use of the two drugs resulted in significant reduction of the M-phase cell percentage and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and S phases. The coadministration of the drugs significantly increased the apoptosis rate of the cells as compared with ZD6474 or ADM treatment alone (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ZD6474 and ADM show a synergistic effect in inhibiting the proliferation and inducing apoptosis of MCF-7 cells.</p>

Preliminary study of XELOX regimen as the first-line chemotherapy in advanced or recurrent gastric cancer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combined therapy with oxaliplatin and capecitabine (XELOX) in patients with advanced or recurrent gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-one patients with previously untreated advanced or recurrent gastric cancer received intravenous infusion of oxaliplatin at the dose of 130 mg/m(2) on day 1 and oral administration of capecitabine at 1000 mg/m(2) twice a day on days 1-14. The chemotherapy was repeated every 2 weeks for a median of 4 cycles.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two of 41 patients achieved a complete response, and 15 had partial responses, with an overall response rate of 41.5%. Stable disease was observed in 11 patients and progressive disease in 9. The median time to progression and overall survival was 6.2 months and 11.8 months. All the 41 patients were evaluated for toxicity according to NCI criteria, 4 showed grade 3-4 neural toxicity, 4 had hematological toxicity and 3 had hand-foot syndrome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The XELOX regimen shows good efficacy with an acceptable toxicity profile in advanced or recurrent gastric cancer patient.</p>

Inhibitory effects of recombinant adenovirus carrying human endostatin gene on the growth of human pancreatic carcinoma xenograft in nude mice / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the inhibitory effect of recombinant adenovirus carrying human endostatin gene (Ad-endo) on the growth of human pancreatic carcinoma xenograft in nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of endostatin in human pancreatic carcinoma Capan-2 cells was examined by RT-PCR after infection with Ad-endo. The supernatants of Capan-2 cells were collected after 48 h of infection with Ad-endo as the conditioned medium for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), whose proliferation in vitro was assayed. Capan-2 cell xenografts were established to determine the antitumoral effects of Ad-endo in vivo. The intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated using CD31 staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of endostatin gene was detected by PT-PCR in infected Capan-2 cells. The conditioned medium from Ad-endo-infected cells significantly inhibited HUVEC proliferation (P<0.05). Ad-endo significantly suppressed the growth of Capan-2 tumor xenografts in nude mice (P<0.05), and the MVD decreased significantly in the treated tumor (P<0.05) as compared with that in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adenovirus carrying human endostatin gene produces inhibitory effects on the growth of human pancreatic carcinoma tumors in nude mice.</p>

Snail control by using soil pasting mixed with niclosamide / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of snail control through soil pasting mixed with niclosamide.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four sites were selected in different epidemic areas in Sichuan province. Soil pasting mixed with niclosamide was carried on, and the dosage was 0 g/m2, 4 g/m2, 6 g/m2, 8 g/m2 and 10 g/m2 respectively. The mortality rate of snail and the density of snail were observed after 7, 15, 30, 90 and 180 days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mortality rate of snail was more than 43.3% in blank group after 30 days. The mortality rate of snail was from 75.3% to 100.0% at 4 g/m2 group after 30 days. The mortality rate of snail in 4 g/m2 group was significantly higher than that in the blank group (chi2 = 31.27, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mortality rate of snail among all study groups (chi2 = 1.07, P > 0.05). The decrease rate of snail density was more than 90%. The mortality rate of snail was about 30% higher in Chantu group than Qutu group. The unit cost of Pasting-Mixing Drug with Soil was from 5 to 7 times of spray method, but the total cost was similar for the. two methods at the endpoint of the snail control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effect of soil pasting mixed with niclosamide is good, and the dosage of 4-6 g/m2 is suggested in snail control.</p>

Relationship between reference point potential and potential distribution of normal electrocardial field on the thoracic surface of healthy individuals / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of reference point on the potential distribution of normal cardioeleclric field of healthy individuals.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two different reference points including central terminal and right forehead were applied to record electrocardiogram simultaneously from 15 testing points (V(1)-V(6), V(7)-V(9), V(3R)-V(8R)) of Wilson lead (RL) and the same testing points (HV(1)-HV(9), HV(3R)-HV(8R)) of head-chest (HC) lead around the torso of healthy individuals. Chi-square test was performed to observe statistical difference between the HCECGs and RLECGs according to different shapes of QRS and T waves.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 120 healthy individuals, deformed ECGs appeared in V(1) and HV(3R)-HV(8R) leads, with 20% (24/120) inverted T wave in V(1) lead, 100% (120/120) in V(3R)-V(8R) leads, wide or deep Q wave 100% (120/120) in V(4R)-V(8R) leads. However, in the corresponding HC-lead system, T waves were all positive, and QRS waves were upright as the pattern of rs, RS or qRs. There was statistical difference in the form of ECG between V(1), V(3R)-V(8R) of Wilson lead and the corresponding HC-lead (P<0.05). The distribution of normal cardioeleclric field related to QRS-T wave was of all-round outward shape by HC-lead, and of roughly bipolar shape by Wilson lead for inverted QRS-T wave on the right thoracic surface.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The normal distribution of electrocardial field is determined by the potential of the reference point. The forehead of HC-lead seems to be better than the central terminal as the reference point of the lead system.</p>

Comparison between the head-chest leads electrocardiogram and routine leads in the manifest accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe whether there was difference between the head-chest leads electrocardiogram (HCECGs) and routine lead electrocardiogram (RLECGs) in the manifest accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HCECGs and RLECGs were recorded simultaneously in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, whose manifest accessory pathways had been confirmed by radiofrequency catheter ablation and intra-cardiac electrophysiology according to the same standard set beforehand. The diagnosis of pathways location was made by analysis of each HCECG and RLECG by two senior physicians in clinical electrophysiology. The diagnostic accuracy of the HCECGs and RLECGs was evaluated by the comparison with that of the intra-cardiac electrophysiology. The delta wave size was also compared between HCECGs and RLECGs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The diagnostic accuracy in the manifest accessory pathways was 86.2% (50/58) in RLECGs, and 84.4% (49/58) in HCECGs in the 58 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, showing no significant difference between them (P > 0.05), but each delta wave in HCECG was more evident than that in RLECG.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HCECG and RLECG both have high diagnostic accuracy in the manifest accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.</p>

Comparison of head-chest lead electrocardiogram and routine lead electrocardiogram in diagnosis of acute posterior wall myocardial infarction / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the value of head-chest lead electrocardiogram (HCECG) and routine lead electrocardiogram (RLECG) in diagnosis of acute positive posterior myocardial infarction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HCECGs and RLECGs were recorded simultaneously in 68 normal individuals and 32 patients with acute posterior wall myocardial infarction confirmed by coronary angiography and echocardiography. Each HCECG and RLECG was analyzed by two senior physicians specialized in clinical electrophysiology who were blinded to the results. The HCECG- and RLECG-based diagnostic results were compared with the results of coronary angiography, and the coincidence rates and false positive rates of diagnosis based on HCECGs and RLECGs were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The coincidence rate was 93.8% (30/32) for RLECGs and 100% (32/32) for HCECGs in the diagnosis of acute posterior wall myocardial infarction, showing no significant difference between them (P>0.05). RLECGs-based diagnosis, however, resulted in a significantly higher false positive rate than HCECGs [13.2% (9/68) vs 0% (0/68), P<0.05].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Head-chest lead system is superior to routine lead system for its low false positive rates in the diagnosis of acute posterior wall myocardial infarction.</p>

Evaluation of resultant cardiac vector based on voltage distribution of electrocardial field around ex vivo guinea pig heart / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the possibility of resultant cardiac vector of ex vivo guinea pig heart.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ECGs were recorded in 4 directions on every plane, and in each direction 4 points at different distances from the anterior, posterior, right and left of isolated guinea pig ventricles immersed in normal saline and distilled water.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Main upward waves of ECGs were recorded at all points in 4 directions at 3 levels in the two media. The voltage distribution of normal electrocardial field of the QRS wave was of all-round outward shape, which did not match the resultant cardiac vectors between the left and right and between the anterior and posterior ventricular walls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are some confusion and contradiction in the resultant cardiac vector based on the voltage distribution of electrocardial field around ex vivo guinea pig heart.</p>

The analysis of epidemioiogical and clinical characteristics of 67 clinical cases of adult-measles / 中国基层医药

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of adult-measles.Methods The clinical data of 67 patients with adult-measles were retrospectively analyzed.Results In summary,67 pa- tients with measles were involved in this study,with 39 males and 28 females.The gender rate was 1.39:1 and the average age was about 32 years old.There were 39 peasants and 28 workers & officials of 67 patients.The peak of the incidence of disease emerged in April and June(40.3%),especially from November 2000 to October 2004 (67.2%),and the positive rate of measles virus IgM antibody in serum was 95.1%(39/41).There were 58 patients (86.6%)who had the fever beyond 39℃and 18 patients(26.9%)who had measles induced viral hepatitis.Con- clusions There is a trend that measles may be related to the nonstandard inoculation of measles vaccine of the de- crease of IgM antibody levels and so on.Meanwhile,serious toxemic symptoms and liver damage can be clinically ob- served.

An efficient method for simulating ventricular electrical activity based on anatomic structure by incorporating AP model / 南方医科大学学报

Conventional medical experiments can hardly simulate cardiac excitation propagation and observe the evolvement of cardiac electrical activities firsthand as is possible with computer simulation. Based on the anatomic structure of the heart, simulation of cardiac electrical activity mainly consists of the emulation of the excitation process among the cardiac cells and calculation of the electrical activities of individual cardiac cells. In this study we establish a geometric ventricular structure model demonstrating the direction of the cardiac muscle fibers and the layers of the ventricular cells, and endow different action potential models to the ventricular cells of different layers, and observe the activation process of the ventricular parts in view of the three-dimensional anatomy. This method gives attention to both enough calculation amounts and efficiency, which achieves satisfactory simulation results of ventricular electrical activity based on the anatomic structure and cell electrophysiology through an improved algorithm on personal computer.

Study on HPLC fingerprint of Xuelian injection / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Xuelian injection.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC with Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column was used, the methanol-1% acetic acid as a mobile phase and detection wavelength at 270 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Indicating 11 peaks on HPLC fingerprint.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method is simple and acurate with a good reproducibility and can be used as a quality control method for Xuelian injection.</p>

Study on the epidemiology and determinants of drug-resistant tuberculosis in northern rural area of Jiangsu province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the determinants and epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in rural area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All the diagnosed TB patients in a county with directly observed treatment (DOTS) short-course program in 2002 and a sample of patients in another county without DOTS program located in northern Jiangsu province were surveyed with questionnaires. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) for positive cultures were performed by standardized proportion method. Univariable analysis and multivariate nonconditional logistic regression modeling were applied for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 152 patients with DST results, 32.9% of the cases showed resistance to at least one of the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs with 26.3% to isoniazid, 18.4% to rifampin and 17.1% to both isoniazid and rifampin respectively. Previous treatments for TB and residence in the county without DOTS program were independent risk factors for isoniazid and rifampin resistance. TB patients showing indifferent to their health and delayed health seeking for more than 1 month were more likely to have rifampin resistance. Independent predictors of multidrug-resistant TB would include delayed health seeking for more than 1 month (OR = 4.66, 95% CI: 1.26 - 17.24), residing in the county without a DOTS program (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.10 - 8.22), indifference to their health condition (OR = 5.13, 95% CI: 1.06 - 24.90) and suffering from chronic diseases (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.05 - 0.87).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Drug-resistant TB was quite serious in this rural areas, mainly associated with man-made factors but partly due to the availability of the transmission.</p>